Gadolinium Poisoning, Gadolinium Toxicity Most of the known toxicity of the free Gd3+ ion is related to 2 properties: its insolubility at physiologic pH, resulting in very slow systemic excretion; and an ionic radius close to that of Ca2+ (…
Gadolinium side effects GBCAs and MRIs Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are soluble metal-ligand complexes of gadolinium ion Gd3+. Contrast agents fall into the definition of drugs as a tool for making a medical diagnosis [1]. GBCAs…